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IIvIvUSTRATlONS 



A Night Session, 

The Capitol, - - - - 

The New Congressional Library, 

Smithsonian Institute, - 

National Museum, 

A Group of Monuments, 

The White House, - 

Corcoran Art Gallery, 



State, War and Navy Departments, 22 

The Treasury, . . - . 24 

Pension Bureau, - - - - 2S 

The Fatent Office, - - - 28 

The Post-Office, .... 30 

Department of Agriculture, - 32 

The Soldiers' Home, - - - 34 

Mt. Vernon Tomb and Mansion, 38 



CONTENTvS 



PAGE 

Alexandria, - - - - - 37 

Army Medical Museum, - - 27 

Arlington, - - - - - 37 

Benevolent Inslitutior.s, - . 48 

Bladensburg, '37 

Botanical Garden, - - - - 15 

Bureau of Engraving and Printing, - 25 

Capitol and GrcHinds, - - - 11 

Cemeteries, - - - - - 48 

Churches, - . - . . 4^ 

City Post-Office, - - - - 43 

Coast Survey, - - - - 25 

Columbia Inst, for Deafand Dumb, - 36 

Corcoran Art Gallery, - - - 21 

Department of Agriculture, - - 33 

Dome of the Capitol, - - - 15 

Department of the Interior, - - 29 

Department of Justice, - - - 33 

Georgetown, ... - - 35 

Georgetown College, - - - 35 

Georgetown Heights, - - - 35 

Government Printing Offici , - 33 

Hack Stands, ----- 43 

Harper's Ferry, - - - - 49 

Hints to Visitors, - - - - 47 

Hotels, - 41 

Horse Car Routes, - - - - 39 

Library of Congres*;, - - - 11 

Location of Washington, - - - S 

Location of I'^ints of Interest, - 47 



Mt. Vernon, .... 


PAGE 

- 39 


Money Order Office, - 
Marine Barracks, ... 


44 
- '9 


Navy Department, 

Naval Hospital, 

Navy Yard, - - - . 

National Military Cemetery, - 

National Museum, 


27 

- 29 
29 

- 36 
J7 


National Observatory, 


- 29 


Patent Office, 


31 


Peabody Library, 
Pension Office, 


- 35 
31 


Plan of the City, 


- 7 


Places of Amusement, - 


41 


Post-Office Department, - 
President's House, 


- 31 
19 


Rates of Fare for Hacks, etc.. 


- 42 


Rogers Bronze Door, - 
Rotunda of the Capitol, - 


II 
- 13 


Smithsonian Institute, - 


'7 


Soldiers' Home, 


- 36 


State Department, 
Telegraph Offices, - 
Theatres, . - - - 


23 

- 44 
41 


Treasury Department, 


- 25 


U. S. Barracks, - 


29 


U. S. Fish Ponds, - 


- 35 


U. S. Fish Commission, 


3S 


War Department, 


■ ^7 


Washington Monument, 


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(]]^HicAGo, (Cincinnati and ^^^ashingtox. 

Every car in these trains is vestibulcd, including Baggage Cars, 
Day Coaches and Pullman Sleepers. All cars are heated by steam 
drawn from the Locomotive. 

The vestibule appliance efiectually prevents the swaying motion 
imparted to ordinary trains when -rounding curves at high speed. 

THE ONLY LINE running Through Trains between the East 
and West, via Washington, is the BALTIMORE & OHIO R.R. 



PRINCIPAL OFFICES: 

■ 211 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 

833 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

1351 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C. 
169 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, O. 

loi North Fourth Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
415 Broadway, New York. 

Comer Baltimore and Calvert Sts., Baltimore, Md. 

Comer Wood St. and Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
193 Clark Street, Chicago, 111. 



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WASHINGTON. 



ASHINGTON is in many respects the most interesting city 
in America. It is the favorite place of pilgrimage for many 
thousands of intelligent tourists, who are attracted from all parts of 
the world by the beauty of its streets and parks, the architectural 
proportions of its massive and many public buildings, the numerous 
statues and hundreds of other objects that interest the traveler. 

The subject of having a territory under the exclusive jurisdiction 
of Congress was one of the first to receive the attention of the legis- 
lators of the new Republic, and the establishment of a permanent 
seat of government two years after the form of government was 
adopted by the nation, was one of the most important acts of Con- 
gress in the early stages of the country's existence. 

The Continental Congress opened its first session in Phila- 
delphia, Sept. 5th, 1774, but on account of the advance made by the 
British Army and other causes later on, it was compelled to keep up 
a peripatetic existence, moving from Philadelphia to Baltimore, 
thence back to Philadelphia, to Princeton, N. J., Annapolis, Md., 
Trenton, N. J. and New York, where it continued its place of meet- 
ing until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States in 178S. 

The struggle for the location of the National Capital began in 
the Continental Congress, and was only abandoned here to give place 
to graver matters which required the attention of that body, and to 
avoid the local irritation raised by the subject, then thought to be a 
serious question to the life of the New Republic. 

In the first Federal Congress the matter was again made the 
subject of serious debate. New York was determined to hold on to 
what was then in her possession. Pennsylvania was extremely 
desirous of having the seat of power within her territory ; New Jersey, 
Maryland and \'irginia cacli were eager for the much desired prize. 

No less than twenty-four diflercnt sites were proposed, and a 
number of cities ofTered inducements by agreeing to transfer their 



public liuildiiigs, while the citizens of Baltimore subscribed thirty 
thousand pounds for the erection of necessary buildings there. 

Finally a bill passed the House Sept. 22d, 1789, selecting Penn- 
sylvania as the place for the location of a permanent Capital. 

This led to bitter opposition on the part of the Southern mem- 
bers, led by Mr. Madison, who was supposed to express the views of 
President Washington. 

The bill, however, suffered defeat on coming into the Senate, by 
having its consideration postponed. 

At the next session of Congress the fight became hotter than 
ever, and many thought the existence of the Union depended upon 
the subject. 

Finally, on the 8th of June, 1790, this vexed question was unex- 
pectedly and amicably settled, and Congress recommended the 
selection of a .site on the eastern or north-eastern bank of the 
Potomac. 

How this settlement came about will be seen from the following : 

The Government was engaged in the effort to fund its debts ; and 
among the troublesome propositions introduced was one providing 
that the General Government should assume the debts incurred by 
the several States in carrying on the Revolutionary War, amounting 
to $20,000,000. This measure was urged by the North which had 
furnished the greater portion of the men and means, on the ground 
that the expenditure had been for the benefit of the country as a 
whole, while it was unpopular at the South because it would increase 
their proportion. Hamilton found that to carry the measure would 
require some southern votes ; and in connection with Jefferson, who 
was greatly interested in having the Capital located in Virginia, or 
as near as possible, it was arranged that the latter should induce the 
Virginia delegation to vote for the assumption, while Hamilton was 
to induce the New York delegation to give uj) their preference for 
the location of the Capital at the North. 

The result was that the bill locating the Capital on the Potomac, 
passed on the i6th of July, and that for the assumption of the debts 
on the 4th of August, 1790. 

I'LAN OK THE CITY. 
In 1777 there came to this country, to serve in the war for inde- 
pendence, a Frenchman by the name of Pierre C. L'Enfant. He was 
an engineer by profession, and served under Count D'Estaing, being 



severely wounded in th i assault on Savannah. He was afterward em- 
ployed by Congress, and was made a major of engineers in 1783. 

L'Enfant became acquainted with President Washington, and was 
selected by him to make a plan of the new Federal City, which was 
afterward approved, and he was employed to superintend its execu- 
tion, assisted by Andrew Ellicott, a bright Pennsylvanian who, with 
his brother, had established the town of Ellicott's Mills, now a pros- 
perous town on the main stem of the B. & O., 15 miles from 
Baltimore. 

L'Enfant's plan met the full approval of Washington and also 
of Jefferson, then Secretary of State, of whom it was said that "he 
almost monopolized the artistic taste and knowledge of the first 
adminstration." 

Washington desired that "the Capitol" should be located in the 
centre of the city, and the public buildings, more than a mile distant, 
in the western section. 

What first attracts the attention of strangers is the unusual width 
of the streets and avenues, the former averaging from 90 to 130 feet 
and the latter 160 feet, while the side-walks are from 10 to 20 feet 
wide. 

A better idea of this may be obtained by comparing the amount 
of ground occupied by streets in other cities. For instance, the 
street area in Boston is 26 per cent., Philadelphia 29, New York 35, 
Berlin 26, Vienna 35, Paris 25, while the area covered by streets in 
Washington is 54 per cent. 

The City is divided into rectangular squares by streets running 
east and west and north and south. In addition to these a series of 
broad avenues are arranged to intersect each other at the Capitol, 
like spokes at the hub of a wheel, while others meet at the White 
House. 

Strangers find it very confusing, as these avenues cross the streets 
diagonally, and for squares the street is lost. A duplication of the 
names of the streets is another difficult}-. It is well to understand 
the method of numbering. Commencing at the Capitol the streets 
running north and south are designated by numbers and those run- 
ning east and west by letters. Therefore we have A, B and C, etc., 
north, and A, B and C, etc., south ; ist, 2d, 3d. etc., east, and ist, 
2d, 3d, etc., west. To simplify matters, however, a system of be- 
ginning each square with an additional 100 has been adopted, so 



that one is enabled to tell exactly how many squares one is from the 
Capitol. A large number of parks in different shapes are formed 
throughout the city by the intersection of avenues. These are being 
ornamented with flowers, shrubbery, statuary and fountains, r 

South of Pennsylvania Avenue, extending from the Capitol to 
the White House, is a large reservation called the Mall. The 
National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Agricultural Depart- 
ment, Washington's Monument, the ponds for fish culture, and the 
Botanical Garden arc located on this reservation. 

A recent writer, in describing the condition of Washington in 
early times, says : 

" Pennsylvania Avenue, the 'Appian Way ' of our Republic, was 
graded while Jeflferson was President, at a cost of $14,000. He per- 
sonally superintended the planting of four rows of Lombardy poplars 
along that portion of it between the Capitol and the White House, 
a row along each curbstone, and two equi-distant rows in the 
roadway, which was thus divided into three parts, like Unter der 
Linden at Berlin. In the Winter and Spring the driveway would 
often be full of mudholes, some of them ankle-deep, and some of the 
cross streets would be an almost impassable bed of red clay, worked 
by passing horses and wheels into a thick mortar. On one occasion, 
when Mr. Webster and a friend undertook to go to Georgetown in a 
hackney coach to attend a dinner party, the vehicle got stuck in a 
mudhole and the driver had to carr}' his passengers one at a time to 
the side-walk, where they stood until the empty carriage could be 
pulled out. Mr. Webster, narrating this incident years afterward, 
used to laugh over his fears that his bearer would fall beneath his 
weight and ruin his dress suit." 

Some idea of the growth of Washington may be gained from the 
following extract taken from the last annual report made to Congress 
by the District Commissioners : 

The total expenditure of money from the National Treasury 
for the District of Columbia down to the year 1876 \yas $92,112,395. 
Of this sum $17,184,191 was expended upon the Capitol; Patent 
Office, $13,197,149; Department of -State, $4,989,248; Treasury 
Department, $7,062,942 ; Nav)- Department, $3,899,136 ; Post-office. 
$2,124,504 ; War Department, $2,040,065 ; Executive Mansion, 
$1,640,449; Department t)f Agriculture, $3,174,192; public grounds 
and streets, $7,842,831 ; Library of Congress, $1,575,847, and works 



ff nrt, $602,56'). T!ic property of the District of Columbia for the 
year ending the 30th of June, 1886, amounted in value to $234,639,436, 
of which $120,236,346 was returned as taxable, while the non-taxa- 
ble property, belonging to the District Government and the United 
States, v/ith the private property exempted by law, amounted to 
$113,803,090, or the total already mentioned. 

THE CAPITOL. 

The Capitol of the United States, like that of ancient Rome, 
stands upon a hill. The view from the dome is pronounced by all 
travelers to be one of the grandest in the world. The structure con- 
sists of a main building and two wings connected by corridors, upon 
which has been expended over $15,000,000. The Capitol is 751 feet 
4 inches long, with a depth of 324 feet, including the steps of the 
extensions. The main or central building is built of freestone 
painted to conform to the general appearance of the wings, which 
are of white marble. 

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

The present Library of Congress occupies the entire western 
projection of the central Capitol building. When the British set fire 
to the Capitol in 1814 the original library was destroyed. The 
crowded condition of the present librar}' has induced Congress to 
provide more commodious quarters. The magnificent structure that 
will soon be erected for the accommodation of this branch of the 
(iovcrnmcnt will equal in elegance and architectural design any in 
the capital. 

The number of volumes in the librar)- in 1874 was 274,157 vol- 
umes and 50,000 pamphlets; in Januar)', 1878, 331.118 volumes; in 
January, iSS3, the count showed 596,957 volumes and 200,000 pam- 
phlets. According to the present rate of increase, in thirty years, or in 
1918, the number of the collection would he 1,400,000 volumes. The 
Congressional Library is intended principally for the use of Con- 
gress, although any visitor over sixteen years of age can obtain 
books to read, only in the library, by filling up the required blank and 
presenting it at the librarian's desk. 

THE ROCIERS I5RONZE DOOR. 
This celebrated work of art is located in the main entrance to 
the Capitol. The designs picture erents in the life of Columbus and 



the discovery of America. It stands nineteen feel high, is nine 
feet wide, and is folding or double. It is made of solid bronze and 
weighs 20,000 pounds. There are nine panels depicting events in 
regular order, starting with the examination of " Columbus before the 
Council of Salamanca, " then "Columbus' Departure from the Con- 
vent of La Rabida ;" " The Audience at the Court of Ferdinand and 
Isabella ; " " Starting of Columbus from Palos on his first Voyage ; " 
"First Landing of the Spaniards at San Salvador;" "First En- 
counter of the Discoverers with the Natives;" "Triumphal Entry 
of Columbus into Barcelona;" "Columbus in Chains," and the 
next the " Death Scene," representing the death-bed of Columbus. 
The door was modeled by Randolph Rogers in Rome in 1858, and 
cast in Munich in i860 by F. von Miiller. The cost of the door 
was $30,000. 

ROTUNDA- 

The Rotunda, which occupies the centre of the Capitol, is a 
magnificent circular hall 97 feet in diameter by 300 in circumference, 
with a central height of 180 feet and 3 inches. Eight oil paintings, 
18 by 12 feet each, are set in panels around the walls of the Rotunda; 
they are the " Landing of Columbus at San Salvador," by John Van- 
derlyn ; " De Soto's Discover}' of the Mississippi," by William H. 
Powell; "The Baptism of Pocahontas," by John G. Chapman; 
"The Embarkation of the Pilgrims from Delft-Haven," by Robert 
Waller Weir, and four paintings by Col. John Trumbull, an aid-de- 
camp to General Washington during the Revolutionary War, who 
afterwards studied in Europe and devoted thirty jears to collecting 
material and executing these pictures. The subjects are " Signing 
the Declaration of Independence, July 4th, 1776;" "Surrender of 
General Burgoyne, Saratoga, Oct. 17th, 1777;" the "Surrender of 
Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown, Oct. 19th, 1781," and the " Resigna- 
tion of General Washington, at Annapolis, Dec. 23d, 1783." These 
pictures ha\e historical accuracy and coircct portraiture of charac- 
ters as well as exquisite coloring, finished details and strong efl'ect. 
Over each of the four entrances to' the Rotunda arc alto-relievos in 
stone, representing "William Penn's Treaty with the Indians in 
16S6," by N. Gevelot ; "The Preservation of Captain Smith by 
Pocahontas in i6of)," by Capellano ; " The Conflict between Daniel 
Boone and the Indians, 1775," by Causici, and "The Landing of 



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the Pilgrims on Plymoutli Rock in 1620," also by Causici. The belt 
of the Rotunda— a sunken space about 9 feet high — is covered with 
a fresco in chiaro-oscura in imitation of alto-relievo, begun by 
Brumidi and after his death continued by Castigini. Above this 
fresco are the thirty-six long windows of the peristyle and then the 
huge iron ribs of the dome gradually curving to a space 50 feet in 
diameter, forming what is called the "eye of the dome." Around 
this open "eye" is pain'cd Constantinc Brumidi's magnificent 
allegory of " The Apotheosis of Washington." 

The principal story of the building contains the Rotunda, Su- 
preme Court, Statuary Hall, Library, Senate Chamber and Hall of 
of Representatives, Reception Rooms, Marble Room, President's 
and Vice-President's Rooms, Committee Rooms, etc. 

DOME. 
The Dome of the Capital was designed by Walter, and replaced 
the smaller one removed in 1856. Total height from base-line to the 
crest of the Statue of Freedom, 307^ feet ; total height above low 
tide on the Potomac, 397 feet. Diameter, 135^ feet. The dome rests 
on an octagonal base cr stylobate, 93 feet above the basement floor, 
and at the top line of the building consists of a peristyle, 124 feet in 
diameter, of 36 iron fluted columns 27 feet high and weighing 6 
tons each. Above this is the balustrade. Above the balustrade is 
the domical covering. The apex is surmounted by a lantern 15 feet 
in diameter and 50 feet high, surrounded by a peristyle, and crown- 
ed by the bronze Statue of Freedom. In the lantern is a reflecting 
lamp lighted by electricity ; it is used only when either or both Houses 
of Congress are sitting at night, and is visible from all parts of the 
city. The Statue of Freedom was designed by Crawford and cast 
by Mills; cost $25,000. The Dome is reached by a staircase of 290 
steps, and the view of the city and surrounding country is worth the 
efTort to ascend such a height. 

THE BOTANICAL GARDEN. 

The National Botanical Garden adjoins the Capitol grounds, 
extending from First to Third Street W., and between Pennsylvania 
and Maryland Avenues. It occupies ground that was originally an 
alder swamp through which Tibet Creek flowed. For a long while 
after it was determined to establish a Garden on the site, it lemained 



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A GROUP OF MONUAIKNTS. 
.16 



in its original swampy condition, and not until 1830, when the first 
building was erected, did it begin to receive attention. 

During the last thirty jears the rarest and most beautiful plants 
have been gathered from all parts of the world, until now it compares 
with any of the famous gardens in Europe. 

Within the enclosure of ten acres are small houses for the grow- 
ing of plants, and a grand conservatory three hundred feet in length 
with a huge dome filled with choice floral productions. 

The famous Bartholdi fountain which was on exhibition at the 
Centennial Exhibition, was purchased by the Government, and is 
placed north of the large conservatory. 

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 

The Smithsonian Institution is a gift to the United Stat^ of an 
English gentleman named James Smithson, who was a son of the 
Duke of Northumberland. Having never married he devoted his 
life to science. He left a large fortune to his nephew for life, after 
which it was to go to the United States, "to found at Washington, 
under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for 
the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The build 
ing is located in the Smithsonian grounds, which are laid out as a 
public park, with broad drives and footways, handsome lawns and 
groves of luxuriant trees. The building is of red sandstone, and is 
of the Norman style of architecture. There are nine towers of dif- 
ferent forms and types. The front extends four hundred and twentv- 
six feet, the centre building being fifty by two hundred feet, and there 
are two wings, the east one having a vestibule and porch attached and 
the west one a semi-circular projection. 

The institution expends about $70,000 a year in various scientific 
investigations conducted by its large force of scientists. 

THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

In 1879 ^n "annex to the Smithsonian Institution was erected by 
the Government and termed the National Museum." The building is 
directly east of the Smithsonian, and is constructed after plans sug- 
gested by Prof. Baird, the result of a careful examination of the 
most approved structures of the kind, in the Old and New World. 



There are seventeen spacious exhibition halls within the building, 
and one hundred and thirty-four rooms for other purposes. 

It is now the general dispository of all geological and industrial 
collections of the Government, and is rapidly becoming one of the 
greatest and most attractive museums in the world. Already the 
collections are interesting and instructive, and their fame is spread- 
ing over the countr}-. 

THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

This monument, which has been called " the world's greatest 
cenotaph" is on the reservation south of the Treasury, and is an obe- 
lisk 555 feet high. The foundation of the shaft is eighty feet square, 
and it is set in solid rock thirty-six feet below the surface of the earth. 
The lower portion is constructed of blue granite faced with large 
crystal marble, and the upper portion is entirely of white marble. 
Its inner surface is ornamented at intervals with " memorial stones " 
presented by the States and Cities of the United States, by Foreign 
Countries and by associations of different kinds, throughout the world. 
The various inscriptions and highly embellished designs on these 
stones, which are arranged so as to be plainly seen in ascending the 
monument, add much to the beauty and interest of this part of the 
str.cture. In addition to the stairway in the centre of the shaft is an 
elevator. 

The corner stone was laid July 4th, 1S48. The funds were 
I'xhausted and work suspended before the civil war culminated, 
hut Congress having made an appropriation for the purpose, work 
was rec<jmmenced, and the shaft completed at a height of 555 feet, 
on Dec. 6th, 1S84. The capstone is a cuneiform keystone, five feet, 
two and a half inches from base to top, and weighs 3,300 pounds. 

THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE. 

The President's House is located on the government reservation, 
called " President's Grounds," with a frontage on Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue. It is in the centre of a twenty-acre plat, which is tastefully laid 
out with flower-beds, trees, shrubbery and well kept lawns. At the 
rear of the house is a park sloping gradually to the river bank. In 
the summer the mansion is almost hid by the expansive foliage from 
the stately oaks, sycamores and poplars which adorn the grounds. 
Ihc building was designed by an Irishman, James Hoban, and 



is said to In- in general style similar to the residence of the Duke of 
Leinster, Dublin. 

The President's House is also called the Executive Mansion and 
the White House, the latter being the most used. The building is 
two stories high, one hundred and seventy feet long, and eighty-six 
feet wide. A large portico supported by eight pillars extends out 
on the north, under which carriages drive. 

The State Parlors are on the first floor, and are reached from the 
great vestibule into which tlie main entrance door opens. 

The East Room, originally intended for a ball room, is the largest 
apartment in the house, and is of the Grecian style of architecture, 
richly ornamented. The ceilings arc lofty and arc divided into three 
panels highly decorated, and in the centre of each hangs a massive 
crystal chandelier. Numerous expensive mirrors supported by carved 
mantels are located at difFerent parts of the room, and the furniture 
and hangings are most elaborate. A full length portrait of Wash- 
ington, by Gilbert Stewart, and one of Martha Washington, by E. F. 
Andrews, are hung in this room. 

Adjoining the East Room is the Green Room, so called from the 
color of its furniture. Following this is the Blue Room, which is 
furnished in blue and gold. The next room is the Red Room, fur- 
nished and used as a family parlor, and occupied generally by the 
President to sit in at night. 

The State Parlors and the State Dining Room arc located on 
this floor. 

On the second floor are located the Executive Offices, Presi- 
dent's Reception Room, Library, etc. In 1814 the British destroyed 
the White House, but in 1S13 Congress authorized its restoration, 
the work being done under James Hoban, the original architect. 

CORCORAN ART GALLERY. 

An institution of Washington, which attracts a great deal of 
attention, is the Corcoran Art Gallery, presented to the people of the 
United States by Mr. William W. Corcoran. It was deeded to 
trustees. May loth, 1S69, and a year later was incorporated by an act 
of Congress, the t)uilding and grounds being forever exempted froni 
taxation. 

The gallery is situated on the northeast corner of Pennsylvania 
Avenue and Seventeeth Street. It has a frontage of one hundred 



;uid six ket, aiul a depth of one luindri-d and twt'nly-fivr feet, is of 
fine pressed brick with brown-stone facings and ornaments, and is of 
tlic Renaissance style of architecture. Ten feet above the ordinary 
roof rises a mansard roof with a central pavilion and two smaller 
ones. The building is two stories in height, and the front is divided 
into recesses by pilasters with capitals representing Indian corn, and 
has four niches in which are statues of Phidias, Raphael, Michael 
Angelo and Albert Durer, portraying sculpture, painting, architec- 
ture and engraving. On the front are fine carvings, the Corcoran 
monogram and the inscription " Dedicated to Art." On the Seven- 
teenth Street side are niches containing the statues of Titian, DaVinci, 
Rubens and Rembrandt, and it is intended to add those of Murillo, 
Canova and Crawford. These statues are of Carrara marble, seven 
feet high, and were executed by Mr. Ezekicl, an American sculptor 
residing in Rome. The building was designed by James Renwick, 
of New York, and executed at a cost of $250,000. The gallery was 
opened to the public in December, 1874. 

Mr. Corcoran gave to it his private collection of paintings and 
statuary, valued at $100,000, and an endowment fund of $900,000. 
The gallery has an income of nearly $So,ooo annually, the larger 
portion of which is expended in the purchase of pictures and statues, 
it is open to the public daily, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays 
free, at a charge of twenty-five cents on other days. 

STATE DEPARTMENT. 

The Department of State was created by an Act of Congress in 
1789. Formerly the issuing of patents and copyrights, taking the 
census and a general supervision of the afTairs of the Territories came 
under the direction of this department. The department is divided 
into several bureaus, namely : Diplomatic Bureau, Consular 
Bureau, Bureau of Indexes and Archives, Bureau of Accounts, 
Bureau of Statistics, Bureau of Rolls, and several minor divisions. 

The State, War and Navy Department Building is located on 
part of the reservation called "President's Grounds." This mag- 
nificent structure combines the passive proportions of ancient 
with the elegance of modern architecture. The building is en- 
tirely fire-proof, and in its construction the greatest care has been 
taken to harmonize all the parts, which has resulted in an almost 
perfect specimen of architecture The length of the building, north 






1 



iX"\ Vji'i 
'II ' 



11 




to south, is 567 feet ; east to west, 342 feet ; greatest height, 12S feet. 
The rooms of the Secretary of State, the Diplomatic Corps ante- 
room and the Reception Room, which are elegantly furnished, are on 
the second floor. Many valuable documents, including the first 
draft of the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, Wash- 
ington's commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Army, and a 
host of others pertaining to the Revolution are kept in this Depart- 
ment. An elegant library is located on the third floor. 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

After the Treasury Building was destroyed by fire in March, 
1833, it was proposed to locate the new building further down the 
tract on which the other buildings had been erected, to enable the 
Capitol to be seen from the White House. The stoiy goes, that the 
architect delayed in selecting a site, which aroused the ire of General 
Jackson, who, on walking over the ground one morning, planted 
his cane in the north-eastern corner, and said : " Here, right here, I 
want the corner-stone laid." 

The building is situated east of the President's House, on the 
line of Fifteenth Street. It is of the Grecian style of architecture, 
three stories high, over a rustic basement. There are over 200 rooms 
in the building, and yet so fast has this department of the Govern- 
ment grown that the building is crowded with employes. The money 
vaults, made of massive iron and steel, are located in the basement 
of the building. 

BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. 

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is a branch of the 
Treasur)' Department, and occupies a building on the Mall, corner of 
Fourteenth and B Streets, S. W., near the Washington Monument. 
The building is constructed of press "d brick, and made fire-proof 
throughout. If was finished in iSSo and cost $300,000. 

THE COAST SURVEY. 

The Coast Survey is also under the supervision of the Secretarv 
of the Treasury. This department was established in 1S07, and has 
charge of the survey of the coast of the I'nited States on the tide- 
water. The standard weights and measures are furnished the difTer- 
cnt States from this department. 



THl-: WAR DHPARTiMHNT. 

The War Department occupies the northern part of the State, 
War and Nav}' Building, beside other divisions in different parts of 
Washington. In 17S9 the office was made an executive department, 
and the Secretary was then required to execute the orders of the 
President of the United States. 

The divisions of the department are : the office of Secretary of 
War; the Headquarters of the Army ; the departments of the Adju- 
tant-General, Inspector-General and Paymaster-General ; the Corps 
of Engineers ; the Ordnance Department ; the Bureau of Militarj- 
Justice ; the Signal Office ; the Bureau of War Records, etc. 

The Signal Office is located on G Street, west of the War 
Department, entrance 1719 ; the Flag Room at 616 Seventeenth 
Street, opposite the department. The Quartermaster-General's De- 
partment is at the corner of Fifteenth Street and Pennsylvania 
Avenue, diagonally opposite the Treasury. The Surgeon-General's 
office is on Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite the north front of the 
Treasurj'. 

ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. 

The Army Medical Museum is on Tenth Street, N. W., between 
E and F Streets, N. W. Originally the building was a church ; it 
was changed into Ford's Theatre, and it was here that Lincoln was 
assassinated. The Government purchased the building aftcrvvard 
and applied it to its present purposes. Many objects of interest 
will be found in the Museum. 

NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

This department was originally under the War Department, 
but in 1798 a separate organization was made and the chief officer 
became a member of the Cabinet. Bureaus of the department 
were organized in 1862 to perform the details of the Administration 
under the Secretary of the Navy. The Navy Department occupies 
the eastern portion of the State, War and Navy Building. The fol- 
lowing are the Bureaus of the department : Yards and Docks, Nav- 
igation, Ordnance, Provision and Clothing, Medicine anil Surgcrv, 
Construction and Repairs, Equipment and Recruiting, ami Steam 
Engineering. 



NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. 

Under the Bureau of Navigation is the National Observator)', 
established in 1842. The location is on Peter's, or Camp Hill, an 
elevated point ninety-six feet high on the Potomac River. A power- 
fill telescope was mounted at the observatory in 1873. 

THE NAVAL HOSPITAL, 

Attached to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery of the Navy 
Department, is located on Pennsylvania Avenue, East, between 
Ninth and Tenth Streets. 

NAVY YARD. 

The Navy Yard is located on the Anacostia River, at the south- 
ern end of Eighth Street. The grounds cover about twenty-seven 
acres, and contain many trophies captured at difl'erent times by the 
American navy. A museum containing many objects of interest 
connected with the history of the countrj- is located within the 
grounds. The Wasp, the Argus, the Viper, the Shark rnd Grampus, 
the sloop St. Louis, and frigates Columbia, Essex, Potomac and 
Brandywine were built here. 

THE UNITED STATES BARRACKS. 

The United States Barracks, formerly Arsenal, occupy about 
sixty-nine acres at the extreme northern portion of Washington. 
Many objects of interest will be found here, including cannon cap- 
tured from the British and French. The grounds are tastefully laid 
out and entered through gates hung on heavy guns. 

THE MARINE BARRACKS. 

The Marine Barracks are a short distance north of ilie Navy 
Yard entrance between G and I Streets, N. E. The Marine Corps 
was organized in 1798 as an adjunct to the Navy. The barracks were 
burned l>y the British in 1S14, but were rebuilt at once. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 

This department was created in 1849. It comprises the Patent 
Office, the General Land Office, the Census Office, the Uureau of 



Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Education, the OtTic i" of the Commis- 
sioner of Railroads, and the Office of the Geological Survey. Thr 
icpartnient is under control of the Secretary of the Interior, who is 
A member of the Cabinet. A general supervision of the Capitol 
vthrough the otlice of the Architect), the Government Printing Office, 
ihc Government Hospital for the Insane, and the Columbia Institu- 
tif)n for the Deaf and Dumb is had by this department. 

PENSION OFFICE. 

The Pension OfRce is located in the magnificent structure occu- 
pying the northern portion of Judiciary Square fronting on F and (i 
Streets and Fourth and Fifth Streets. The ground plan covers 
nearly two acres, and the cost of the building completed wa< 
$700,000. K frieze extending around the building at the level of the 
second story is three feet high and 1200 feet long. It was executed 
in terra cotta by a Boston firm, and represents a marching column 
about a quarter of a mile in length, showing the line and staff of 
the army in campaign. From 1861 to 1S83, 510,938 claims were 
allowed, and the enormous sum of ?62i,073,297 was disbursed by 
tiiis department. 

THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. 

The Patent Office covers two squares, extending from Seventh to 
Ninth and F to G Streets, N. W. The building, which contains 191 
rooms, cost $3,000,000. There are several entrances to tiiis building 
in the different fronts, that facing Eighth Street being the principal 
entrance. The Patent Office Library is located west of the main 
entrance, and contains 20,000 volumes relating to mechanical and use- 
ful arts. The Museum of Models contains about 200.000 models of 
American and Foreign inventions. 

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

The Post-office Department covers the square between Seventh 
and Eighth and E and F Streets. ' It is built of marble from New 
York and Maryland quarries, and the style of architecture is of the 
Corinthian order. The building cost $1,700,000. The General Post- 
olfice formerly occupied a building located on the site of the soutli 
side wf the Post-office De])artment. It was projected by Samuel 







^'-.f 












Blodgctt, who intended the building for a large hotel. The pro- 
ceeds of a lottery were expected to pay for it. The prize ticket 
having been drawn by orphan children, who were- without means 
to complete the building, it remained in an unfinished state. The 
(Jovcrnment purchased the building in 1810, and after the burning 
of the Capitol by the British it was occupied by Congress during 
one session. 

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. 

While the office of Attorney-General is as old as the Govern- 
ment, the Department of Justice was not created until 1870. All 
law offices are combined and all the law business of the Government 
is done through this department. The department occupies a build- 
ing originally erected for the Freedman's Bank, opposite the United 
States Treasury. 

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 

The Department of Agriculture is under the direction of an 
otficial called the Commissioner of Agriculture. The building is 
located between the Smithsonian Institution and the Washington 
Monument. The grounds are beautifully laid out in the vicinity of 
the building. This department was formerly a division of the Patent 
Office, and in 1862 Congress established the " Department of Agri- 
culture" "to acquire and diffuse among the people of the United 
States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture in 
the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and to pro- 
cure, propagate and distribute among the people new and valuable 
seeds and plants." There are i,2ot),ooo packages of seeds and 25,000 
bulbs, vines and cuttings distributed annually. There are extensive 
buildings for experimental gardening called Plant Houses and also 
an Agricultural Museum located within the grounds. 

THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

The Government Printing Office occupies a large building at the 
corner of North Capitol and 11 Streets. This is said to be the most 
complete and largest establishment of its kind in the world. The 
official in charge of this department is appointed by the President, 
and has the title of Public Printer. A vast amount of monev is 



appropriated for the maintenance of this office, the sum reachinp 
nearly $3,000,000 annually. A visit to the Government Printing 
Office is full of interest. A hundred printing presses in motion, 
typc-settin>;, folding and binding, all excite wonder and admiration. 
The department requires the best service, and a ti.xed standard of 
work is maintained to which all employes must conform. About 
2500 persons are employed in the various departments. 

UNITED STATES FISH PONDS 

Are located near the Washington Monument, about one-half milr 
south of the White House. The propagation of carp was begun in 
1879 under Prof. S. F. Baird. Different varieties of food and orna- 
mental fish are propagated in large numbers ; over 500,000 young 
fish are distributed yearly. A large collection of aquatic plants, 
including many varities of A^ymphacas or Water Lily, will be found 
horr. 

INITKD STATES FISH COMMISSION. 

In 1871 Congress created the United States Fish Commission, to 
investigate the causes of the decrease in our marine food fishes. 
Such rapid progress has been made in this department of the Gov- 
irnment that the United States leads the world in fish culture. The 
building occupied by the commission is on the corner of Sixth and 
B Streets, and is well worth a visit. 

GEORGETOWN. 

Georgetown, or West Washington, as it has been called since 
1880, is separated from Washington by Rock Creek. It is pictur- 
esquely located, and many fine views may be had from the Heights. 
Among the principal features of interest are Georgetown Heights, 
where many beautiful residences may be found. Oak Hill Cemeter)-, 
the Convent of the Visitation, the Linthicum Institute, the Peabodv 
Librar>', the Home for Aged Women, and the Georgetown College, 
or College of the Jesuits. This college is located in the western 
part of Georgetown on an eminence. ' It is one of the most prominent 
Jesuit institutions in this country'. Georgetown may be reached by 
the Metropolitan line of street cars, F Street, and by the Washington 
and Georgetown, Pennsylvania .Vvenue cars. 



SOI.DIKRS' HOME. 

The founding of the Soldiers' Home was hirgely due to Gen. 
Winfield Scott. During the war with Mexico General Scott levied on 
the City of Mexico for $300,000 pillage money. Of this amount there 
remained in the Treasury $118,791, which Congress afterward appro- 
priated to aid in the establishment of the Home. This sum was 
augmented by fines, forfeitures and stoppages against soldiers, and 
a tax of twenty-five cents (now twelve cents) a month on each private 
soldier of the regular army. At present the fund has reached the 
sum of $800,000, and the Government holds over $1,000,000 derived 
from forfeitures of pay of deserters from the army, and from money 
due deceased soldiers which has remained unclaimed. 

The main building, a white marble one, has a frontage of 200 
feet. The building is of the Norman style, and is two stories high. 
A bronze statue of General Scott, by Launt Thompson, erected in 
1874 at a cost of $18,000, is located on the brow of a hill about a 
quarter of a mile from the main building. The grounds contain 
over 500 acres of beautifully diversified hill and dale, and are cov- 
ered with about seven miles of well kept roads. A large cottage, 
located near the main building, is used during the heated term by 
the President as a summer residence. 

NATIONAL MILITARY CEMETERY. 

The National Military Cemetery is located north and adjoins the 
Soldiers' Home. It was established at the beginning of the late war, 
and contains 5153 Union and 271 Confederate dead. 

Columbia Institution for the Deai^ and Dumb 

Is situated on Kendall Green, at the end of Seventh Street, E. 
This institution, now supported by Congress, received its first start 
by a gift of a few acres of ground and a small building from Amos 
Kendall, Postmaster-General in General Jackson's Cabinet. The 
institution was incorporated in 1857, at which time Congress assumed 
its support. In 1870 the Board secured eighty-two acres of Kendall 
Green property for the institution, which now has real estate valued 
at $350,000. A collegiate department, called the National Deaf-Mute 
College, open to both sexes, is part of the institution. 

• 36 



ALEXANDRIA. 

Alexandria, originally called Bcllhavcn, is about six miles south 
of Washington on the Potomac. The tcjwn is one of the oldest 
settlements in the country, and has considerable historical interest 
connected with it. Braddocks expedition started from here, and in 
colonial days it rivaled Baltimore in commerce. During the war of 
1812 it fell into the hands of the British, and was held by them for 
some time. A National Cemeter)* containing the remains of 3635 
soldiers is located near Alexandria. Boats ply between Washing- 
ton and Alexandria every hour. The population is about 14,000. 

BLADENSBURG. 

Bladensburg is located on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, six 
miles from Washington. It received its name fiom Martin Bladen, 
a Lord Commissioner of Trade and Plantation. The town is an old 
one (1750) and previous to the Revolutionary War was of consider- 
able importance. The Anacostia River, upon which it is situated, 
was once navigable to the town. Bladensburg has a place in history 
as the field of the disastrous battle that took place there Aug. 24, 
1814, from which victor)' the British marched into Washington. The 
celebrated duelling ground is about one mile southeast of the town. 
It was the site of many bloody contests ; among the most deplorable 
was that between Commodores Decatur and Barron in 1S20, in 
which Decatur was mortally wounded. 

ARLINGTON. 

Arlington, the location of the National Militarv- Cemetery, is 
situated on the Virginia shore of the Potomac, about four miles from 
Washington. It was orignally the property of Martha Custis Wash- 
ington, the wife of Gen'l Washington, and was eventually inherited 
by the wife of Gen'l Robt. E. Lee, who resided at Arlington until 
the beginning of the late war. 

On account of a failure to pay the direct tax levied by the gov- 
ernment in 1862, the United States took possession of the property, 
and on the suggestion of Mr. Lincoln part of the estate was made a 
militar>' cemetery. A suit was brought by a member of the Lee 
family after the war, for the recovery of the property, in which the 



Government was defeated. It was finally purchased by the Govern- 
ment from George Washington Park Custis, for $150,000. Arlington 
now contains tiic graves of 11,915 Union soldiers. 

MT. VERNON. 

Mt. Vernon, the home of Washington, is situated on the western 
bank of the Potomac, about sixteen miles from Washington. 

In 1856 " The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union" 
was incorporated for the purpose of securing the mansion and con- 
tiguous grounds of Mt. Vernon. 

Their object is to restore the mansion and grounds as far as pos- 
sible to their original condition. Numerous relics and other remem- 
brances of Washington will be found within the building, which 
stands near the brow of a sloping hill about one hundred and twenty- 
five feet above the river. The adjacent grounds are beautifully 
wooded with choice shade trees, planted by Washington when a 
young man. 

The estate originally contained 8coo acres, but after the death of 
Washington numerous tracts were sf)Id by his heirs from time to time, 
until now all that remains is the present farm containing two hundred 
acres. 

The tomb (if Washington is located on the road leading from the 
river landing, and consists of a large vault extending into a bank in 
a thickly wooded dell. It is built of brick with iron gratings, 
through which can be seen within a massive marble sarcophagus, 
containing the remains of Washington. 

HORSE CAR ROUTES. 

METRoroi.n AN Rah, WAY. Cars every four minutes during the 
day. From 17th Street south of Pennsylvania Ave., passing the 
State, War and Navy Department building and Corcoran Art Gallery 
to H St., thence to 14th St., to F St., to 5th St., to Louisiana Ave., 
to Indiana .Ave., passing Judiciary Square, to C St., passing the 
Haltimorc & Ohio depot, to Delaware Ave., thence to B St. N. 
where the E. Capitol branch leaves, thence to the Senate extension. 

The Georgetown and East Capitol St. Branch cars run everj' six 
minutes during the day, over same route as main line going west, 
which it leaves at II and 17th Sts. N. W., thence to Connecticut Ave., 
thence along P St., crossing Rock Creek over a fine bridge, entering 



Georgetown at West St., thence to High, thence to Fayette, passing 
the Convent of the Visitation, thence to 2d, thence to High, thence 
to Dunbarton, to Montgomery, to West, from where the return to 
Washington is made over the same route. 

The East Capitol extension extends from B. St. N. to ist St. E., 
thence to East Capitol St. and thence to Lincoln Square. 

Ninth Street Branch cars run every eight minutes during the day. 
Start at Boundary, passing Mt. Vernon Place, the Patent Office, and 
Masonic and Lincoln Halls, to B St., passing the Centre Market, to 
6th St., to Missouri Ave., thence to 41.2 St., to Arsenal Gate. 

Silver Spring Branch starts at northern terminus of 7th St. line 
and follows the 7th St. road a distance of one and one-half miles, 
passing the Schuetzen Park and Howard University, to the road 
leading to the Soldiers' Home and Rock Creek Church. 

Columbia Railway. From the Treasury, 15th St. and New 
York Ave., thence to Massachusetts Ave., to H St., thence passing 
the Government Printing Office, to the terminus at H and Boundary. 
Cars every ten minutes. 

Capitol, North O Street and South Washington Railroad, 
or "The Belt Line," so called from the circuitous route it traverses. 
It starts on Maryland Ave., at the foot of Capitol Hill and extends 
along to Virginia Ave., passing near the National Museum and the 
Smithsonian Institute, along 12th St., passing the Agricultural 
Department, to Ohio Ave., to 14th St., to Pennsylvania Ave., to E 
St., to nth St., to O St. Returning, cars take P St., to 4th St., to G 
St., to 1st St. west, passing near the Capitol Grounds, to Maryland 
Ave. its startfng point. It intersects all the principal railway lines. 

Washington and Georgetown Railway, Main Branch. Starts 
on Bridge St. at High St., Georgetown, Bridge St, to 20th St., 
crossing Rock Creek from 20th St. to Pennsylvania Ave., passing 
Mill's Statue of Washington, Corcoran Art Gallery, La Fayette 
Square, War Department, President's House and Treasur)^ along ■ 
15th St. to Pennsylvania Ave., thence to west gate of the Capitol 
at 1st St. W., skirting the Capitol grounds on the B St, side, where it 
again strikes Pennsylvania Ave., along which it extends lo 8th St., 
thence to Navy Yard at M St. 

Fourteenth St. Branch, from the Treasury, 15th St. and New York 
Ave., thence to 14th St., thence to the Boundary where it terminates. 
Cars run every ten minutes. 



Scvt-nlh Si. Rianch starts at tlie Boundary and ytli St., follows 
the latter street to the Potomac River, passing Nortli Market, Mt. 
Vernon Place, Patent and Post Offices, and Odd Fellows' Hall. These 
cars pass the Centre Market, cross the Mall near the Smithsonian 
Grounds and run to and upon the wharves, from which point the 
steamers leave for Mt. Vernon and Alexandria and other points. 
Cars every five minutes. 

HOTELS. 

Arij.nc.ton. On Vermont Avenue, near the President's House, 
capacity, 325 guests. 

Ekbitt. Corner F and 14th Streets N. W., capacity, 350 guests. 

H.\RRis H<HSE. E Street (facing Pcnna. Avenue) between 13th 
and 14th Streets N. W. Rooms without board. Capacity, 200 guests. 

St. J.AMES. Corner of Penna. Avenue and ^th Street N. W. 
European plan. 

St. Marc. Corner of Penna. Avenue and 7th Street N. W. 
European plan. 

Metropolita.n. On Penna. Avenue, between 6th and 7th Streets 
N. W, Capacity, 300 guests. 

National. On Penna. Avenue, corner of 6th Street N. W. 
Capacity, 500 guests. 

RiGGS House. Corner of 15th and G Streets N. W. 

Tremont. Corner of 2d Street and Indiana Ave., near B. & O. 
Depot. 

Wiilard's. On Pennsylvania Avenue and 14th Street N. W. 
Capacity, 500 guests. 

Wormley's. On 15th and H Streets N. W. Capacity, 150 
guests. 

These arc the principal hotels. There arc other hotels at lower 
rates. 

PLACICS OK AMl'SHMKNT. 

Ai.baigm's Grand Oteka Hoisk. ('oruer F. and isth Streets 
N. W. 

National Theatre. On K Street, between 13th and 14th Streets 
N. W., with front on Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Fdkd's Oi'ERA Hoi se. On ytli Street N. W., souili of I'enn- 
sylvania Avenue. 

TiiEAiRE (^iMigUE. At the corner of C and nth Streets N. \V. 

Odd Fei.iows' Hail. Navy Yard, 8th Streets. E. 

Masonic Hai i. Corner uf 1' and ()ih Streets N. W. 

Lincoln Hai i.. Corner of I) and <)\h Streets N. VV. 

Wii.lard's Hall. F Street, beiwcon 14th and 15th Streets N W. 

Franklin Hall. N. W. corner cf C and 6th Streets N. W. 



RATES OF FARE FOR HACKS, CABS, ETC. 

(Extract from Police Regulations.) 

BY THE HOUR. Pet. 5 a.m. and Bet 12 30a.m. 

ia.30 a.m. and 5 am. 

For one passenger or two passengers, for the 

first hour $0.75 $1 . 00 

For each additional quarter of an hour or 

part thereof .20 .25 

Provided, That for multiples of one hour the 

charge shall be at the rate per hour of .75 i. 00 

For three or four passengers, for the first hour i.oo 1.25 

For each additional quarter of an hour or part 

thereof .25 .35 

Provided, That for multiples of one hour the 

charge shall be at the rate per hour of i.oo 1.25 

BY THE TRIP. 

By the trip of fifteen squares or less, for each 

passenger .25 .40 

For each additional five squares or part 

thereof .10 .15 

Provided, That for multiples of fifteen squares 
the charge shall be at the rate, for each fif- 
teen squares, of .25 .40 

Provided, That in the case of a two-horse hack engaged at a 
livery stable, the proprietor or driver thereof may, by special agree- 
ment made in advance with the passenger, charge according to such 
special agreement. And Provided Further, That hacks engaged 
upon the street, drawn by two horses, and with seats for four pas- 
sengers, may charge by the hour at rates not to exceed $1.50 for the 
first hour and 25 cents for each additional one-quarter hour. In all 
cases when a hack is not engaged by the hour it shall be considered 
as being engaged by the trip. Provided Further, That a two-horse 
hack, as above, shall not be required to take less than two passengers. 
The fare to any point outside of the cities of Washington and 
Georgetown shall, in all cases, be charged by the hour or part of an 
hour, and if the hack is dismissed outside the said cities a charge of 
25 cents additional may be made. 

Each passenger shall be entitled to have conveyed, without ex- 
tra charge, one trunk or other traveling-box or bag : Provided, That 
there be no more than two trunks or other traveling-boxes or bags to 
be conveyed at any one time for the person or persons hiring the 
hack. If there be more than two trunks, traveling-boxes or bags, 
the driver shall be entitled to 25 cents for each one additional to the 
two. Each passenger shall be entitled also to have conve3'ed, with- 
out charge, such other small packages as can be conveniently car- 
ried within the hack, and the driver shall load and unload all baggage 
without charge. 

• 43 



In case of any disagreement between the driver of a hack and 
the passenger, the same may be referred l>y the passenger tu the 
nearest police station, whither the driver shall convey him without 
discussion or delay, and the decision of the Lieutenant of Police or 
other otFicer in charge of such station shall be conclusive ; and in 
case the passenger is about to leave by railroad, stage, or steamboat, 
such disagreement shall be summarily decided by the police officer 
or principal police ofticer on duty at the station or other place of 
departure. 

HACK STANDS. 

The following locations arc designated as stands for vehicles : 

West side of 15th Street, N. \V., south of the entrance to the 
Executive grounds. 

West side of 15 '2 Street, north of Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Space at the intersection of C and 7th Streets and Louisiana 
Avenue, N. W. 

East side of New Jersey Avenue, near B. & O. R. R. Depot. 

North side of New York Avenue, from east side of 7th Street, W. 

South side of D Street, from nth to 12th Streets, N. W. 

Sixth Street, near Pennsylvania Avenue. 

East side of 1st Street, W., near Pease Monument. 

Southeast corner of 3d Street and Pennsjlvania Avenue. 

Southeast corner of 4)2 Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. 

South side of Pennsylvania Avenue, between 13th and 13)^ 
Streets. N. W. 

North side of Louisiana Avenue east of 9th Street, N. W. 

North side of Louisiana Avenue, between 5th and Cth Sts., N. W. 

South side of B Street, N. W., near 7th Street, N. W. 

I Street, N. W., southwest corner McPherson Square. 

East side of 17th Street, N. W., north of Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Thomas Circle, intersection of Massachusetts and Vermont 
Avenues and M and 14th Streets, N. W. 

Iowa Circle, intersection of V^ermont and Rhode Island Avenues 
and P and 13th Streets, N. W. 

North side of M Street, N. W., between Connecticut Avenue 
and 1 8th Street, N. W. 

Northeast side of Dupont Circle, intersection of New Hampshire, 
Connecticut and Massachusetts Avenues and i()th Street, N. W. 

Southeast part of Washington Circle, intersection of Pennsyl- 
vania and New Hampshire Avenues and 23d Street, N. W. 

Scott Circle, intersection of Massachusetts and Rliode Island 
Avenues and l6th Street, N. W. 

CITY POST OFFICE. 

Louisiana Avenue S. side, near 7th Street and Pennsylvania 
Avenue, N. W. 



MONEY ORDER OFEICE. 



The Money Order Office is on the second fioor of the same build- 
ing. Open from g a. m. until 4 p. m. 

TELEGRAPH OFFICES. 

Main Office, corner 15th and F Streets. 



BRANCHES. 



B. & O. Depot, 

No. 133 B Street, S. E. 

Navy Yard. 

613 Penna. Av. under Met. H'l. 

9th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. 

Gen'l P. O. Dep't Building. 

I2th Street wharf. 

Willard's Hotel. 

Arlington Hotel. 

Ebbitt House. 

Riggs House. 

14th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. 

14th Street and Mass. Ave. 



1 1 14 Connecticut Avenue. 
32d and Bridge Sts. (Geo'town. 
U. S. Capitol. 

Government Printing Office. 
Interior Department. 
Pension Office. 
Treasury Department. 
Department of Justice. 
Executive Mansion. 
State, War and Navy Dep'ts. 
Agricultural Department. 
National Museum. 
Signal Office. 



CHURCHES. 

BAPTIS1-. 

First Baptist, 13'n Street between G and H Streets, N. W. 

Second Church, comer of Virginia Avenue and 4th Street, S. E. 

E Street Church, south side, between 6th and 7th Streets, N. W. 

Calvary Church, corner of H and 8th Streets, N. W. 

Fifth Baptist Church, D Street near 4'^ Street, S. W. 

North Baptist Church, 14th Street near R Street, N. W. 

Kendall Mission Chapel, corner 13^ and D Streets, S. W. 

Calvary Mission Chapel, corner of 5th and P Streets, N. W. 

Metropolitan Baptist Chapel, corner of A and 6th Streets, N. E. 

Gay Street Baptist, corner of Congress and Gay Streets, Georgetown. 
BAPTIST— Colored. 

Second Baptist, 3d Street near I Street, N. W. 

Third Baptist, Franklin between P and Q Streets, N. W. 

Fourth Baptist, R Street between 12th and 13th Streets, N. W. 

Fifth Baptist, Vermont Avenue between Q and R Streets, N. W. 

Sixth Baptist, near corner of 6th and G Streets, S. W. 

Nineteenth Street, corner of 19th and I Streets, N. W. 

Shiloh, L Street between j6th and lyih Streets, N. W. 

Rehoboth, 1st Street near O Street. S. W. 

Mt. Zion, F Street between 3d and 4% Streets, S. W. 

Liberty Church, E Street corner of i8th Street, N. W. 

Abyssinian, Vermont Avenue corner of R Street, N. \V. 

L Street Baptist, corner of 4th and L Streets, N. W. 

Enon, comer of 6th Street and South Carolina Avenue, S. E. 

Mt. Olivet Baptist Church, 6th Street between L and M Streets, N. E. 

First Baptist Church, Dunbarton and Monroe Streets, Georgetown. 
CHRISTADELPHIAN SYNAGOGUE. 

Christadelphian Synagogue, Circuit Court Room, City Hall. 
CHRISTIAN. 

Christian Church, Vermont Avenue between N and O Streets, N. W. 



CONGREGATIONAL. 

First Congregational Church, cornei of loth and G Streets, N. W. 
EI'ISCOPAL. 

St. John's Church, corner of i6th and H Streets, N. W. 

Epiphany Church, G Street between 13th and r4th Streets, N. \V. 

Trinity Church, comer of 3d and C Streets, N. W. 

Church of the Ascension, corner of Massachusetts Avenue and 12th St., N. W. 

Christ Church, G Street between 6th and 7lh Streets, S. E. 

Grace Church, D Street between 8th and 9th Streets, S. W. 

Church of the Incarnation, corner of 12th and N Streets, N. W. 

St. Mark's Church, 3d Street between A and B Streets, S. E. 

St. Paul's Church, 23d Street, N. \V., south of Pennsylvania Avenue Circle. 

Church of the Holy Communion, 22d Street near E Street, N. W. 

Church of the Holy Cross, corner of 19th and P Streets, N. W. 

St. Andrew's Church, 14th and Corcoran Streets, N. W. 

St. J.imes' Parish, services 810 H Street, N. E. 

St. Paul's Church, Rock Creek, near Soldiers' Home. 

Em.Tnuel Church, Washington Street, Uniontown. 

Christ Church, corner of Congress and Beall Streets, Georgetown. 

St. John's Church, 2d and Potomac Streets, Georgetown. 

Grace Church, between Bridge and Water Streets, Georgetown. 

St. Albans, High Street, extended Georgetown. 
EPISCOPAL— Colored. 

St. Mary's Chapel, 33d Street between H and I Streets. 
FRIENDS MEETING-HOUSE. 

Meeting-House (Orthodox), 13th Street between R and S Streets, N. W. 

Meeting-Hcuse (Hicksite), I Street between i8th and 19th Streets, N. W. 
GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH. 

First Reformed Church, comer of 6th and N Streets, N. W. 
HEBRKW SYNAGOGUES. 

Congreg.ition Adas Israel, corner ot 6th and G Streets, N. W. 

Wash.iiigton Hebrew Congregation, 8th Street between H and I Streets. N. W. 
LUTHER A>f. 

St. Paul's Church, comer of nth and H Streets, N. W. 

Memorial Church, corner of N and i4ih Streets, N. W. 

German Evangelical Cong, of Trinity, corner of 4th and E Streets, N. W. 

German Evangelical Church, corner of 20th and G Streets, N. W. 

German Evangelical St. John's Church, 4'i Street, S. W. 

Capitol Hill .Mission, ist Street near C Street, S. E. 

German Evangelical Association, 6th Street between L and M Streets, N. W. 

Lutheran Church, corner of High and 4th Streets, Georgetown. 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

Metropolit;in, corner 4', and C Streets, N. W. 

Foundry Church, comer of i4ih and G Streets, N. W. 

Wesley Chapel, corner of 5th and F Streets, N. W. 

McKendree Church, Massachusetts Ave. between pth and loth Streets, N. W. 

Ryland Chapel, corner of 10th and D Streets, S. W. 

Union Chapel. 20th Street near Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. 

Waugh Chapel, comer of 3d and A Streets, N. E. 

Hamline Church, corner of 9th and P Streets, N. W. 

Grace Chapel, comer of oth and S Streets, N. W. 

Fourth Street Church. 4th St. between South Carolina Ave. and G St., S. E. 

Twelfth Street Church, corner of 12th and E Streets, S. E. 

Fletcher Chapel, comer of New York Avenue ami 4th Street, N. W. 

(Jorsuch Chanel, comer of 1, and 4'i Streets, S. W. 

Providence Chapel, comer of 2d and Ilbtreets, N. E. 

.Mt. Zion Chapel, corner of 15th and R Streets, N. W. 

McKendree Mission, H Street between 8th and oth Streets, N. E. 

Memorial M. K. Chapel, H and nth Streets, N. K. 

L'niontown, op|>osite the Navy Y.ird. 

Dunbarton Street, between Congress and Hi^h Streets, Geiirgctown. 

West Georgetown Church, comer of Fayette and 7th Streets, Georgetown. 

. 45 



METHODIST EPISCOPAI-— South. 

Mt. Vernon Church, corner of gth and K Streets, N. W. 
METHODIST PROTESTANT. 

Methodist Protestant Church, gth Street between E and F Streets, N. W. 

First M. P. Church, Virginia Avenue near Navy Yard. 

M. P. Mission, corner of 8th Street and North Carohna Avenue, S. E. 

Congress Street Church, between Bridge and Gay Streets, Georgetown. 

Mount Pleasant Church, corner of Fayette and High Streets, Georgetown. 
METHODIST— Colored. 

Wesley Zion, D Street between 2d and 3d Streets, S. W. 

Union Wesley, 23d Street near L Street, N. W. 

John Wesley, Connecticut Avenue near L Street, N. W. 

Galbraith Chapel, L Street between 4th and 5th Streets, N. W. 

Israel Bethel, corner of B and ist Streets, S. W. 

Union Bethel, M Street between isth and i6th Streets, N. W. 

St. Paul's Chapel, 8th Street between D and E Streets, S. W 
' Mt. Pisgah Chapel, loth Street between Q and R Streets, N. W. 

Asbury, corner of nth and K Streets, N. W. 

Ebenezer, corner of D and 4th Streets, S. E. 

Asbury Mission, comer Boundary and 9th Streets, N. W. 

Ebenezer A. M. E. Church, Eeall Street between Montgomery and Monroe 
Streets, Georgetown. 

Mt. Zion M. E. Church, West Street, Georgetown. 

A, M. E. Church, Hillsdale, D. C. 

A. M. E. Church, Good Hope, D. C. 
NEW JERUSALEM. 

Temple of the New Jerusalem, North Capitol Street between B and C Streets, N.E. 
PRESBYTERIAN. 

First Presbyterian Church, 45^ St. between Louisiana Ave. and C St , N. W. 

New York Avenue Church, New York Ave. between i3lh and 14th Sts., N. W. 

Fourth Church, gth Street between G and H Streets, N. W. 

Assembly's Church, corner of sth and I Streets, N. W. 

Sixth Church, 6th Street near Maryland Avenue, S. W. 

Western Presbyterian Church, H Street between 19th and 20th Streets, N. W. 

Metropolitan Presbyterian Church, corner of 4th and B Streets, S. E. 

North Presbyterian, N Street between gth and loth Streets, N. W. 

Westminster Presbyterian Church, 7th Street between D and E Streets, S. W. 

Reformed Presbyterian, ist Street between N and O Streets, S. W. 

Central Presbyterian, corner of 3d and I Streets, N. W. 

Eastern Presbyterian, Sth Street between F and G Streets, N. E. 

Gurley Mission, Boundary near 7th Street, N. W. 

West Street Presbyterian, between Congress and High Streets, Georgetown. 
PRESBYTERIAN-CoLORED. 

Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church, 15th Street between I and K Streets, N.W. 
ROMAN CATHOLIC. 

St. Patrick's Church, G Street between gth and loth Streets, N. W. 

Si. Peter's Church, corner of 2d and C Streets, S. E. 

St. Matthew's Church, corner of 15th and H Streets, N. W. 

St. Mary's Church, 5th Street near H Street, N. W. 

St. Dominic's Church, corner of 6th and E Streets, S. W. 

St. Aloysius' Church, corn: r of N. CapitoJ and I Streets, N. W. 

Church of the Immaculate Conception, corner of Sth and N Streets, N. W. 

St. Stephen's Church, corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and 25th Street, N. W. 

St. Joseph's Church (Germani, comer of 2d and C Streets, N. E. 

Trinity Church, comer of ist and Lingan Streets, Georgetown. 

St. Teresa's Church, Uniontown. 
ROMAN CATHOLIC— Colored. 

St. Augustine's Church, 15th Street near L Street, N. W. 
UNITARIAN. 

All Soul's Church, corner of 14th and L Streets, N. W. 
UNIVERSALIST. 

Church of Our Father, corner oi >3th and L Streets, N. W. 

46 



HINTS TO VISITORS. 

The first and best advice to give is — don't hurry. The attrition 
of haste spoils many an otherwise pleasant journey. To do justice 
to the many distinctive and enjoyable features of the National Cap- 
ital an extended visit is necessary. But as many tourists are pressed 
for time and yet desire to see as much as possible of the city, how 
to do this is a matter of moment. Take a carriage or hansom with 
an intelligent driver and drive through the centre of the city, em- 
bracing the central portions of Pennsylvania Avenue and 7th, gth 
and F Streets; afterwards through the fashionable ^Vest End. 
A drive through Connecticut Avenue from La Fayette Park to Du- 
pont Circle returning via Massachusetts Avenue, includes much of 
the " palatial section." Then by driving on 7th Street, below Penn- 
sylvania Avenue, the grounds of the "Mall" may be inspected, 
upon which are located the Smithsonian Institute, the National 
Museum, the Department of Agriculture Building, the Bureau of 
Printing and Engraving, and the Washington Monument. This ride 
will include the White House, Treasury Building, all the Depart- 
ment Buildings, and many fine churches and other objects of interest. 
This ride may be continued by including tlie grounds of the Capitol 
and then down East Capitol Street as far as Lincoln Square, return- 
ing by way of North Carolina and Pennsylvania Avenues. 

Do not slight the Capitol as a hasty inspection will fail to reveal 
its many wonders. The White House is open to visitors everj' week 
day from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. The department buildings are open to 
visitors from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays 
are the davs on which there is no charge for admission to the 
Corcoran Art Gallery ; on other days the admission is 25 cts. 
Gallcrj' open from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. 

Steamer for Mt. Vernon leaves wharf foot of 7th Street every 
morning at 10 a.m., returning at 3.30 p.m. Fare §1.00, including 
admission to Grounds and Mansion. 

LOCATION OF POINTS OF INTEREST. 

U. S. Capitol, Capitol Hill. 

Congressional Library, Capitol Hill. 

Executive Mansion, Pennsylvania .'Vvc., bet. 15th and 17th Sts. 

State, War and Navy Departments, Pennsylvania Ave. and 17th St. 

Treasury Building, Pennsylvania Avenue and 15th Street. 

F'osl Office Department, between E and F and 7th and 8th Sts. 

Patent Olfice, between F and G and 7th and yth Streets. 

liuneral Land Office, in Patent Office. 

Interior Department, in Patent Office. 

.Agricultural Dej)artment, between 12th and 14th Streets. S. W. 

Smithsonian Institution, between 7th and 12th Streets. S, \V. 

National Museum, between 7th and 12th Streets, S W. 

U. S. Coast SuiA'ey, New Jersey Ave., south of Pennsylvania .\ve. 



Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 14th and B Streets, S. W . 

Department of Justice, Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite Treasur)\ 

Army Medical Museum, loth Street between E and F Streets. 

Government Printing Office, H and North Capitol Streets. 

Court of Claims, 1509 Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Military Barracks, foot of 4>4 Street, S. W. 

Corcoran Art Gallery, Penns3'lvania Avenue and ryth Street. 

National Board of Health, 1410 G Street. 

Government Hospital for Insane, opposite Navy Yard. 

Navy Yard, foot of 8th Street, S. E. 

U. S. Naval Hospital, Pennsylvania Avenue and gth Street, S. E. 

Soldiers' Home, 7th Street, north of Boundary Street. 

Washington Monument, Mall, south of Executive Mansion. 

Howard University, 7th, north of Boundary Street. 

Pension Office, 4th and F Streets, N. W. 

National Observatory, foot of 2^.th Street. 

Congressional Cemetery, 19th and E Streets, S. E. 

Botanical Garden, Pennsylvania Avenue, between ist and 2d Streets. 

District Government Offices, ist Street, near Indiana Avenue. 

City Post Office, Louisiana Avenue, between 6th and 7th Streets. 

Columbia Institute for Deaf and Dumb, M and Boundary Sts., N. E. 

District Courts, City Hall. 

Odd Fellows' Hall, 7th, between D and E Streets. 

Masonic Temple, 9th and F Streets. 

National Rifles' Armory, G, between 9th and loth Streets. 

Providence Hospital, 2d and D Streets, S. E. 

Children's Hospital, W, between 12th and 13th Streets. 

Columbia Hospital for Women, Pennsylvania Ave. and 25th St. 

Freedmen's Hospital, 5th and Boundary Streets. 

Louise Home, 15th Street and Massachusetts Avenue. 

Bureau of Statistics, 407 15th Street. 

Quartermaster's Department, Penns)'lvania Avenue, cor. 15th Street. 

Signal Corps, 1725 G Street. 

Navy Pay Office, 15th Street, corner New York Avenue. 

United States Pension Agency, 4th and F Streets, N. W. 

Convent of Visitation, 1500 35th Street. 

Marine Barracks, 8th Street, S. E. 

The Y. M. C. A., 1409-1411 New York Avenue. Educational 
Classes, Reading and Social Rooms, Library, Gymnasium, 
Reception Rooms. Visitors always welcome at the Association 
Building. 

Humane Society, 1224 F Street, N. W. 

Glenwood Cemetery, Lincoln Avenue, N. W. of Boundary. 

Graceland Cemetery, 15th and H Streets, N. E. 

Mt. Olive Cemetery, Bladensburg road. 

Oak Hill Cemetery, head of 30th Street, Georgetown. 

The House where Lincoln died, 516 10th Street, N. W 



48 



HARPER'S FKRRY. 

On the main line of the Haltimore & Ohio Railroad, fifty five 
miles west from Washington, the village of Harper's Ferry lies at 
the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers. One has 
but to repeat the names Potomac. Shenandoah, Harper's Ferry, to 
have come trooping upon the memory a legion of events and 
incidents that crowd the pages of the later historj' of the Republic. 
At Harper's Ferry the old brick fort from which John Brown 
badf defiance to Virginia's pride and power, still stands, in full 
view from the windows of the train. 

Thomas JefTerson in his "Notes on Virginia" declares that the 
view from Bolivar Heights at Harper's Ferry is worthy a trip across 
the Atlantic. " Standing," he says, "on a very high point of land, 
on the right comes tiie Shenandoah, having ranged the foot of the 
mountain a hundred miles to seek a vent ; on the left approaches 
the Potomac, in quest of a passage also. In the moment of their 
junction they rush together against the mountain, rend it asunder 
and pass off to the sea." 

At Harper's Ferry the Valley Branch of the B. & O. road 
diverges from the main line and traverses the famous Shenandoah 
Valley, passing through the towns of Charlestown, Winchester, 
Woodstock, Harrisonburg, Staunton and Lexington. 



Pleasant Homes, Business Locations, 

CHEAP LANOS, 
JifcLTLLLfcLctixrtTxg Sttes , Etc. 



As this Guide will undoubtedly reach the hands of many people 
who contemplate changing their location, we desire to call especial 
attention to a section of country penetrated by the B. & O. R. R. 
which offers unequaled advantages for every branch of industry. 

The States of West Virginia and Maryland and the Shenandoah 
Valley in Virginia are attracting the attention of people in all sections 
of the United States, Canada and Europe. During the year 1888 
there was a large influx of northern and western people into this 
district ; some engaging in agricultural pursuits, others in manufac- 
turing and other enterprises. 

Considering the vast undeveloped resources, church privileges, 
educational advantages, fertility of soil, values of land, the healthful 
climate, convenience to the National Capital and the best markets 
in the country, no section of the United States oflfers greater induce- 
ments to persons seeking prosperous and pleasant homes than that 
tributary to the B. & O., east of the Ohio River. 

The B. & O. R. R. reaches the richest sections of Pennsylvania, 
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio and Indiana. 
Important trade centres exist all along the line. No matter what 
character of location is desired we can supply it. 

Further information about the country can be ascertained upon 
application to 

M. V. RICHARDS, 

Land and Immigration Agent, 

B. & O. R. R., Baltimore, Md. 



THK 



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Offices in Washinuion : 
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T^% 






